Living with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) can bring a range of challenges, with fatigue being one of the most reported, and often most debilitating, symptoms. With this type of fatigue, you don’t just feel tired. It can be overwhelming and unpredictable, affecting every aspect of daily life.
If you’re experiencing fatigue alongside Ulcerative Colitis, understanding the underlying causes and how to manage it can help you regain some control.
Below, we’ll explore why Ulcerative Colitis causes fatigue, and strategies for managing this complex symptom.
Why does Ulcerative Colitis cause fatigue?
Ulcerative Colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the colon. The fatigue you experience with Ulcerative Colitis isn’t simply down to not getting enough rest. It’s often the result of a combination of factors that impact the body during a flare-up, or even periods of remission.
During flare-ups, your immune system is in overdrive, which can drain energy reserves and leave you feeling completely depleted. Furthermore, inflammation alongside any dietary restrictions during flare-ups can make it difficult to absorb essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and folate. Low levels of these nutrients can lead to anaemia and reduced energy.
Certain treatments, such as steroids, can interfere with sleep patterns and contribute to feelings of exhaustion. Similarly, immunosuppressants may affect your overall energy levels. Abdominal cramping or other complications can make it harder to sleep and recover, further worsening fatigue.
Factors that worsen fatigue
Beyond the biological factors tied to Ulcerative Colitis itself, there are additional elements that can exacerbate fatigue including:
- Sleep disturbances
- Stress and mental health
- Dehydration
- Physical Inactivity
Many people struggle with interrupted sleep due to frequent trips to the bathroom, night sweats, or abdominal pain. Poor-quality sleep makes it harder to combat fatigue during the day.
Living with a chronic condition like Ulcerative Colitis can take a toll on mental health. One study of patients with IBD found that psychological conditions, such as depression and anxiety, can significantly contribute to fatigue. Sometimes, antidepressants are prescribed which can be associated with drowsiness.
Diarrhoea, a hallmark symptom of Ulcerative Colitis, often leads to fluid loss. Even mild dehydration can leave you feeling tired and weak.
While it’s tempting to rest more when you’re fatigued, a lack of movement can worsen feelings of sluggishness. Gentle exercise can help break this cycle by improving circulation and boosting endorphins.
Managing fatigue with Ulcerative Colitis
Although Ulcerative Colitis-related fatigue can feel overwhelming, there are practical steps you can take to manage it.
Work with a doctor to monitor for deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, and other key nutrients. Supplements or dietary changes may be recommended to restore energy levels.
Establishing a bedtime routine, avoiding screens before bed, and practising relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality. If nighttime symptoms disrupt your rest, speak with your doctor about strategies to manage them.
Drinking plenty of fluids, especially during flare-ups, is important. Oral rehydration solutions or electrolyte-rich drinks can help replenish what’s lost through diarrhoea.
Activities like walking, yoga, or swimming can help improve energy levels without overtaxing your body. Start slowly and listen to your limits.
Consider mindfulness practices, such as meditation or deep breathing, to help lower stress levels. Some people with Ulcerative Colitis also benefit from talking therapies.
Expert help for Ulcerative Colitis
Fatigue may be a common symptom of Ulcerative Colitis, but by understanding the root causes and taking proactive steps to address them, you can work towards feeling more like yourself.
Mr Stellakis and his team provide comprehensive care for UC patients, including support for managing symptoms like fatigue. Get in touch for an appointment by calling 01926 492969 to find out about tailored treatment options.
